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An proxy, also known as a proxy server also referred to a proxy server, is software that acts as a mediator between a client and server over the internet. Without proxy, a user could send a request for resources directly to the server and it would deliver the requested resource directly to the user. While this procedure is easy to comprehend and implement using proxy services, it may provide benefits in the form of enhanced performance and privacy, security and more. As an additional layer of protection proxy functions as a guardian to the internet between servers and users.

The general bundle of server hardware that is installed with proxy software is generally called a proxy server. In this article, we will focus on proxy servers that are typically described as software, as well as in the context of web servers. We will provide a description of the two primary types of proxies: the forward proxy as well as a reverse proxy. Each kind has its own application, and is frequently confused due to the similar naming convention.

This article will give you an understanding of what proxy services and their subtypes are as well as their value in common setups. Through the article you'll be able to understand how to recognize the situations in which an effective proxy is beneficial and select the best alternative between forward and reverse proxy depending on the circumstance.

Understanding Forward Proxies

A forward proxy also called an open proxy acts as an intermediary between clients who are trying to connect via the internet to a source server. In this scenario, every request made by the client will be sent directly via forward-proxy. A forward proxy in the place of the client will examine the request. It will first decide if the client's allowed to receive requests from this specific forward proxy. It will then reject any request or forward it to the original server. The client is not able to have directly access to internet. It has access to only the information that forward proxy grants it access to.

The most popular applications of forward proxies is to improve privacy or security while using the internet. Forward proxy makes use of the internet as a client, and in the process, it will use an alternate IP address in addition to the client's IP address.

Based on the way it is configured based on the configuration, forward proxy may offer a range of features depending upon the configuration, which allows you to:

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  Stay clear of tracking ads.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  You can identify restrictions based on your geographical location.
  
  

Forward proxies are also utilized in systems that provide central security and permission-based access, like at an office. All internet traffic can pass through an open forward proxy. an administrator is able to restrict access to certain users to the internet, which is protected by an common firewall. As opposed to having firewalls in place on the client layer, which can include multiple devices that have different configurations and users it is possible to have a firewall located at the front proxy layer.

Take note that forward proxy settings must be manually set up to use, but reverse proxies are likely to be not considered by the client. Depending on whether your IP address a user is transmitted to the server from where it originated by the forward proxy, privacy and security could be granted or kept secret.

There are a variety of alternatives to think about when it comes to forward proxy options:

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  Apache is a well-known open source web server that provides forward-looking proxy features.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another popular open-source web hosting server that has forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Squid: An open-source forward proxy that utilizes an HTTP protocol. It's not the whole web server. Check out our guide on how you can install Squid proxy to connect privately within Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante is an forward proxy which uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to make it better suited for cases like peer-to-peer communication. It is also possible to know how to set up Dante proxy to allow connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy acts as the web server, which takes care of incoming requests from customers on behalf of. The web server may represent a single or a number of servers. It could even be an application server such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations an application request is made through the internet. Most of the time, the request would be directed directly to a web server, which will provide the information the client wants. However, a reverse proxy serves as an intermediary that isolates your website server from communication with the open internet.

From the point of view of the individual client's point of view reverse proxy is a process that reverse proxy isn't any different than using a Web server to communicate in direct contact. It's the same thing, and the client cannot discern the difference. The client requests an item, and it is followed by receiving it without the need for any extra configuration required by the end user.

Reverse proxies provide options like:

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  A centralized layer of security to protect the server.
  
  
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  The direction of traffic coming in is based on the rules you define.
  
  
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  New functionality added for caching.
  
  

While central security can be a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies do this feature to the web server layer, but not to the client layer. instead of being focused on the maintenance of firewalls at the web server layer that could contain multiple servers and various configurations, the majority of the firewall security is aimed on the reverse proxy level. Additionally, removing the responsibility of interfacing with firewalls as well as communicating with requests from clients far from web servers enables them to focus on meeting the requirements of their customers.

If there are multiple servers existing through a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also is responsible for directing which requests are routed through which server. There could be multiple web servers offering the same content, each providing different types of services or a mixture of both. These servers can be using the HTTP protocol that is a standard web server, but they can also contain different protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can also configure reverse proxy settings to direct visitors to specific server depending on the service requested, or to follow certain guidelines regarding the load of traffic.

Reverse proxies may also take advantage of their placement on top of web servers, by providing the ability to store information. Large static assets can be configured with caching policy to avoid hitting web servers with each request. Certain solutions allow you to directly serve static assets without contacting Web servers in any form. Furthermore reverse proxy solutions can handle compressing these assets.

The popular Nginx web server is also used as a popular reverse proxy solution. However, a similar feature that is available in Apache web server does have reverse proxy functions as an additional option that is accessible for Apache however Nginx was originally designed for and is specifically designed for reverse proxy functions.

Differentiating Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Usage Situations

Since "forward" in addition to "reverse" are associated with directionality, as well as misleading comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic The labels can be confusing since both types of proxy servers process requests and responses. In addition, the most effective method to distinguish between both reverse and forward proxies is to research the requirements of the app you're creating.

A reverse proxy can be beneficial when you are developing an application that can serve applications that are online. They represent your web servers when you use the internet.

Forward proxy is useful when placed in front of customers for the purpose of your own use or in a business environment. They represent the traffic of your clients in any interactions on the internet.

The use case-based differentiation instead of focusing on the common naming conventions can aid in eliminating confusion.

Conclusion

In this article, we explained what a proxy is, and compared it to the two most common kinds: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and a review of the beneficial attributes were used to determine forward proxies and reverse proxy. If you're interested to learn more about implementation of proxies, you can check out our guide on how to configure Nginx as reverse proxy and web server proxy for Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.

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