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Willie Hugh Nelson (lahir 29 April 1933) adalah penyanyi, penulis lagu, musisi, aktor, produser, penulis, penyair, dan aktivis asal Amerika Serikat. Popularitas album Shotgun Willie (1973), Red Headed Stranger (1975), dan Stardust (1978) membuat Nelson tampil sebagai salah satu penyanyi musik country ternama. Ia salah satu tokoh utama outlaw country, subgenre musik country yang berkembang pada akhir 1960-an sebagai tanggapan atas pembatasan suara Nashville. Nelson memerankan tokoh di lebih dari 30 film, menulis beberapa buku, dan aktif memperjuangkan pemakaian bahan bakar hayati dan legalisasi ganja. Nelson lahir pada masa Depresi Besar dan dibesarkan oleh kakek-neneknya. Ia menulis lagu pertamanya pada usia tujuh tahun dan menjadi anggota band pertamanya pada usia sepuluh tahun. Semasa SMA, ia menjadi vokalis dan gitaris Bohemian Polka dan sering konser di seputaran daerahnya. Setelah lulus sekolah tahun 1950, ia mendaftar di Angkatan Udara AS, lalu diberhentikan karena masalah kesehatan. Nelson kemudian kuliah di Universitas Baylor selama dua tahun, tetapi berhenti karena ingin fokus ke karier musiknya. Ia menjadi DJ di stasiun-stasiun radio Texas dan penyanyi di bar country. Nelson pindah ke Vancouver, Washington, kemudian menulis "Family Bible" dan merekam "Lumberjack" pada tahun 1956. Ia juga menjadi DJ di sejumlah stasiun radio di Vancouver dan Portland, Oregon. Pada tahun 1958, ia pindah ke Houston, Texas, setelah menandatangani kontrak dengan D Records. Ia menyanyi di Esquire Ballroom setiap minggu dan menjadi DJ. Waktu itu, ia menulis lagu-lagu yang kelak menjadi lagu standar country, antara lain "Funny How Time Slips Away", "Hello Walls", "Pretty Paper", dan "Crazy". Tahun 1960, ia pindah Nashville, Tennessee, dan membuat kontrak rekaman dengan Pamper Music. Ia pun bergabung menjadi pemain bass di band-nya Ray Price. And Then I Wrote. Berkat kesuksesan album ini, Nelson masuk label RCA Victor tahun 1964 dan bergabung di Grand Ole Opry pada tahun berikutnya. Setelah mencetak lagu-lagu populer pada akhir 1960-an dan awal 1970-an, Nelson pensiun tahun 1972 dan pindah ke Austin, Texas. Skena musik yang sedang naik daun di Austin mendorong Nelson untuk aktif kembali. Ia sering menyanyi di Armadillo World Headquarters. Pada tahun 1973, setelah dikontrak oleh Atlantic Records, Nelson kembali berfokus ke genre outlaw country dan merilis sejumlah album, termasuk Shotgun Willie dan Phases and Stages. Tahun 1975, ia pindah ke Columbia Records dan merekam album Red Headed Stranger. Pada tahun itu juga, ia merekam album outlaw country Wanted! The Outlaws bersama Waylon Jennings, Jessi Colter, dan Tompall Glaser. Sepanjang pertengahan 1980-an, sambil mencetak album-album hit seperti Honeysuckle Rose dan merekam lagu-lagu hit seperti "On the Road Again", "To All the Girls I've Loved Before", dan "Pancho and Lefty", ia bergabung dengan supergrup country The Highwaymen mendampingi Johnny Cash, Waylon Jennings, dan Kris Kristofferson. Pada tahun 1990, aset-aset Nelson disita oleh Dinas Pajak Amerika Serikat yang mengklaim dirinya menunggak $32 juta. Nelson kesulitan membayar utang karena terlibat sejumlah investasi lemah pada 1980-an. Tahun 1992, Nelson merilis The IRS Tapes: Who'll Buy My Memories? Nelson. Sepanjang 1990-an dan 2000-an, Nelson rajin mengadakan tur dan merilis album setiap tahun. Rata-rata ulasan albumnya positif dan campur aduk. Nelson mengeksplorasi berbagai genre seperti reggae, blues, jazz, dan folk. Nelson mengawali karier filmnya di The Electric Horseman (1979), kemudian tampil di berbagai film dan acara televisi. Ia adalah aktivis liberal yang vokal sekaligus ketua dewan penasihat National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML), organisasi advokasi legalisasi ganja. Ia memiliki merek bio-diesel Willie Nelson Biodiesel yang terbuat dari minyak nabati. Nelson juga merupakan ketua kehormatan dewan penasihat Texas Music Project, badan amal musik milik pemerintah Texas. Nelson lahir dan dibesarkan di Abbott, Texas sebagai anak Myrle Marie (nama gadis: Greenhaw) dan Ira Doyle Nelson yang bekerja sebagai montir dan pemilik rumah biliar. Kakek dan neneknya yang bernama William A. Nelson dan Nancy Elizabeth Smothers memberi Willie pelajaran musik yang dibeli dari pesanan lewat pos sejak usianya masih enam tahun. Ia menciptakan lagu pertamanya pada usia 7 tahun, dan sudah main di band lokal ketika berumur 9 tahun. Willie bermain gitar, sementara adik perempuannya Bobbie memainkan piano. Ia bertemu pemain biola Bud Fletcher, dan Willie dan Bobbie ikut dengan band milik Fletcher yang bernama Bohemian Fiddlers ketika duduk di bangku sekolah menengah atas. Semasa di SMA, ia sudah aktif dalam organisasi Future Farmers of America. Sejak di sekolah menengah Nelson sudah bekerja sebagai disc jockey di stasiun radio lokal. Sambil menjadi DJ di radio KHBR Hillsboro, Texas, dan kemudian KBOP di Pleasanton, Texas, Nelson menyanyi di bar-bar honky tonk setempat. Nelson lulus dari Abbott High School pada tahun 1951. Ia bergabung dengan Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat pada tahun yang sama, namun setelah 9 bulan berdinas dibebastugaskan karena menderita masalah punggung. Nelson pindah ke Vancouver, Washington pada tahun 1956 untuk memulai karier musik, dan merekam lagu "Lumberjack" ciptaan Leon Payne. Lagu tersebut terjual cukup baik, namun tidak berhasil mengorbitkan kariernya. Nelson terus melanjutkan kerja sebagai penyiar radio di Vancouver dan menyanyi di kelab-kelab. Ia menjual sebuah lagu ciptaannya, "Family Bible" seharga $100, dan tidak disangka-sangka berhasil menjadi lagu hit bagi Claude Gray pada tahun 1960. Lagu tersebut di kemudian hari banyak didaur ulang oleh penyanyi lainnya, dan sering dianggap lagu klasik dalam musik gospel. Pada 1960, Nelson pindah ke Nashville, tetapi tidak berhasil mendapatkan kontrak rekaman. Kontrak yang diperolehnya adalah kontrak mencipta lagu dengan Pamper Music. Setelah Ray Price merekam lagu Nelson, "Night Life" (kemungkinan lagu country yang paling sering didaur ulang sepanjang sejarah), Nelson bergabung sebagai pemain bas dengan band Price yang melakukan pertunjukan keliling. Ketika bermain untuk Ray Price and the Cherokee Cowboys, lagu-lagu pop dan country ciptaan Nelson banyak yang menjadi lagu hit. Di antara lagu-lagu ciptaannya yang menjadi populer di tangan penyanyi top adalah "Funny How Time Slips Away" (Billy Walker), "Hello Walls" (Faron Young), "Pretty Paper" (Roy Orbison), dan "Crazy" (Patsy Cline). Nelson mendapat kontrak rekaman dari Liberty Records pada tahun 1961, dan merilis sejumlah singel, termasuk "Willingly" (duet bersama Shirley Collie yang nantinya dinikahi sebagai istri kedua) dan "Touch Me". Dengan bermodalkan suara saja, Nelson tidak mampu meyakinkan produser rekaman di Nashville, dan ia tidak kunjung diorbitkan sebagai penyanyi. Nelson telah menikah sebanyak empat kali dan memiliki tujuh anak. Nelson menikahi Koepke pada tahun itu juga dan mereka memiliki seorang putri, Amy Lee Nelson. Setelah bercerai tahun 1988, ia menikahi Annie D'Angelo pada 1991. Mereka memiliki dua putra, Lukas Autry dan Jacob Micah. Nelson dikenal sebagai ikon Amerika Serikat. Pada 2011, Nelson masuk National Agricultural Hall of Fame atas keterlibatannya di Farm Aid dan kegiatan penggalangan dana untuk petani. Tahun 2015, Nelson dianugerahi Gershwin Prize, penghargaan seumur hidup dari Library of Congress. Tahun 2018, The Texas Institute of Letters mengangkat Nelson sebagai anggota atas jasanya dalam penulisan lagu. Rolling Stone mencantumkan Nelson dalam daftar 100 Greatest Singers dan 100 Greatest Guitarists. Buku Wikipedia adalah koleksi artikel yang bisa diunduh atau dipesan dalam bentuk cetak. Patoski, Joe Nick. "The Gospel According to Willie", Texas Co-op Power, May 2008, p. 107.1 KGSR - Radio Austin Interview. Cartwright, Gary 2000, hlm. Riggs, Thomas 2007, hlm. Alkek Library staff. Alkek Library. Allmusic staff (2008). "The Electric Horseman". Allmovie staff (2011). "Willie Nelson". Amter, Charlie. Willie Nelson Dodges Jail in Texas. Asker, Jim. No 'Problem': Willie Nelson's New Album Bows at No. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Associated Press staff. Willie Nelson cancels concerts. Associated Press staff (January 14, 2005). "Willie Nelson Bets on Biodiesel". Wired Magazine. Condé Nast Publications. Associated Press staff. The pigtails are gone: Willie Nelson cuts his hair. Associated Press staff. Willie Nelson Arrested for Marijuana Possession. Associated Press staff. Matthew McConaughey and others celebrate Willie Nelson. Associated Press. Fox News. BBC News staff. Willie Nelson stages tsunami gig. BBC News staff (May 28, 2010). "Willie Nelson to have street named after him in Texas". Billboard staff (2012). "Chart listing for Heroes". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media. Biography staff. A&E Television Networks.. BMI Staff. BMI Cheers 'Beer for My Horses' with Willie, Toby and Scotty. Bush, Johnny; Mitchell, Rick (2007). Whiskey River (Take My Mind): The True Story of Texas Honky-Tonk. University of Texas Tech. Briscoe Center staff. Briscoe Center Acquires Willie Nelson Collection. Dolph Briscoe Center for American History. The University of Texas at Austin. Car Connection staff. Kinky Friedman To Name Willie Nelson as Texas Energy Czar. Cartwright, Gary (2000). Turn Out the Lights: Chronicles of Texas in the 80's and 90's. University of Texas Press. Caulfield, Phillip. Judge says request for Willie Nelson to sing 'Blue Eyes' in court was a joke. Daily News (New York). Chagollan, Steve. Willie Nelson launches Luck Films: Musician-actor in joint venture that aims to make up to five pics a year. Chilton, Martin. Willie Nelson interview: Don't fret about the end of the world. Telegraph Media Group Limited. Chilton, Martin. Willie Nelson gets 5th-degree black belt at 81. The Daily Telegraph (London). Chapman, Roger (2010). Culture wars: an encyclopedia of issues, viewpoints, and voices, Volume 1. M.E. Cohen, Jason. Win the Weekend: Was Willie's Case Ever Settled? Cooper, Peter. Buddy Cannon witnesses Willie Nelson's magic. Cowan, Alison Leigh. Willie Nelson Hopes for a Hit; So Does the I.R.S. The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Dayton Peace Museum staff (2010). "Dayton International Peace Museum". Dayton International Peace Museum. Dayton International Peace Museum. Dicair, David (2007). The First Generation of Country Music Stars. Dingus, Anne (1992). "Ernest Tubb Goes Electric and 51 More Moments to Remember Texas' Rich Musical Past". Texas Monthly. Vol. 19 no. Donahue, Ann (June 23, 2010). "Tupac, Willie Nelson, R.E.M. Among Inductees To National Recording Register". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Durchholz, Daniel; Graff, Gary (2010). Neil Young: Long May You Run. Edwards, David; Callahan, Mike (2001). "The Liberty Records Story". Both Sides Now. Both Sides Now Publications. Edwards, Gavin (2015). "'We Are the World': A Minute-by-Minute Breakdown on Its 30th Anniversary". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media LLC. Edwards, Joe (September 30, 1993). "Willie Nelson inducted in Hall of Fame". Bangor Daily News. Bangor Publishing Company. Everett, Christina. Willie Nelson haircut: Country singer chops off trademark long tresses and debuts shorter new look. New York Daily News. Encyclopædia Britannica staff (2011). "Willie Nelson (American musician)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Entertainment One staff (2003). Ringo Rama (Booklet). Ringo Starr. Koch, Entertainment One. Erlewine, Michael (1997). All Music Guide to Country: The Experts' Guide to the Best Recordings in Country Music. Erlewine Stephen Thomas (2000). "VH1 Storytellers". Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (2005). "WWII". Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (2007). "Shotgun Willie/Phases and Stages". Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (2008). "The Troublemaker - Willie Nelson". Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (2010). "Country Music: Billboard albums". Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (2015). "Willie Nelson - Biography". Evans, Mike (2006). Country Music Facts, Figures & Fun. Evans-Price, Deborah. AOL Inc. Farm Aid Staff (2011). "Past concerts - Farm Aid". Farm Aid. Farm Aid. Fort Worth Star-telegram staff. George-Warren, Holly; Hoekstra, Dave (October 7, 2005). Farm Aid: A Song for America. Goddard, Steve. Willie Nelson's Mug Shot From Last Friday Night. The New York Times Magazine. The New York Times Company. Hann, Michael. Willie Nelson: 'If We Made Marijuana Legal, We'd Save a Whole Lotta Money and Lives'. Guardian News and Media Ltd. Grigoriadis, Vannessa. Move to a Fantasy Island. Guardian Music staff (March 27, 2015). "Willie Nelson to open chain of marijuana stores". Guardian Music. Guardian News and Media Limited. Habitat for Horses staff (2011). "Habitat for Horses signature series". Habitat for Horses. Habitat for Horses. Hachette staff (2015). It's a Long Story: My Life by Willie Nelson. Hachette Book Group. : Little, Brown and Company. Hall, Michael. Willie's God! Willie's God! We Love Willie! Hall, Michael. Master Nelson Receives His Black Belt. Hamilton, Reeve. Willie Nelson Ad for Kinky Friedman Valued Highly. Harden, Lydia Dixon; Hoekstra, Dave; McCall, Michael; Morris, Edward; Williams, Janet (1996). The Stars of Country Music:The Legends & The New Breed. Hartman, Gary (2008). The History of Texas Music. Texas A&M University Press. Heim, Joe (2015). "Willie Nelson keeps on rollin'". Washington Post Magazine. The Washington Post. High Times staff. The Pope of Austin, Texas Interview: Willie Nelson. Hollabaugh, Lorie. AOL Inc.. Holden, Larry. Rhonda Vincent And Willie Nelson Top The Charts. Headlines & Global News. Houston Chronicle staff. Willie Nelson statue and boulevard planned for Austin. Hunt, Ernest E. IV. Jennings, Waylon; Kaye, Lenny (1996). Waylon: An Autobiography. Jessen, Wade. Willie Nelson Extends Record For Most Top 10 Country Albums. Johnston, David Cay. Tax Shelter of Rich and Famous Has Final Date in Court. The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Kane, Coleen. Woody Harrelson plans a 40-day desert-island starvation. Kennedy Center staff (2011). "List of Kennedy Center Honorees". The Kennedy Center. John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. Kerns, William. Willie Nelson has Near-Sellout Crowd in Palm of his Hand Sunday. Kienzle, Richard (2003). Southwest Shuffle: Pioneers of Honky-Tonk, Western Swing, and Country Jazz. Kosser, Michael (2006). How Nashville Became Music City, U.S.A.: 50 Years of Music Row. Krebs, Albin. A Nelson Slowdown. The New York Times. KWTX staff (2012). "Curtain Falls on Willie's Place". Langer, Andy. EXCLUSIVE: Willie Nelson on same-sex marriage. Langer, Andy (June 8, 2014). "The Last Word on the Willie Nelson Bus That's NOT Willie Nelson's Bus". Texas Monthly. Emmis Communications. Leahey, Andrew. 'Band of Brothers' Shoots Shotgun Willie to Top of the Charts. Leahey, Andrew. Willie Nelson to Receive Gershwin Prize for Songwriting. Lewis, Randy (November 2, 2012). "Blake Shelton, Miranda Lambert and Eric Church win CMA Awards". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Media. McKinnley, James Jr. Willie Nelson Is 'Fine' After Canceling a Show. The New York Times. New York Times Company. Malone, Bill (2002). Country music, U.S.A. University of Texas Press. Merschel, Michael (January 26, 2018). "Willie Nelson is officially a literary star: So says the Texas Institute of Letters". Dallas News. The Dallas Morning News. Miller Loncaric, Melissa. Willie Nelson and B.B. King Mesmerize Atlanta. CMT. Milner, Jay Dunston (1998). Confessions of a Maddog: A Romp Through the High-Flying Texas Music and Literary Era of the Fifties to the Seventies. University of North Texas Press. Monkman, Martin (2008). "Pancho & Lefty". Myers, Judy (1969). "Willie Nelson: His Own Story, in his own words". Country Song Roundup. Charlton Publications Incorporated. Nelson, Willie (December 13, 2005). "How I Ended Up With a Classical". Nelson, Willie (March 12, 2009). The Facts of Life: and Other Dirty Jokes. Random House Publishing Group. Nelson, Willie; Shrake, cumshot Edwin (2000). Willie: An Autobiography. Nelson, Willie (2007). On the Clean Road Again: Biodiesel and the Future of the Family Farm. Nelson, Willie; Blakely, Mike (September 3, 2008). A Tale Out of Luck: A Novel. Nelson, Willie (October 27, 2007). "Willie Nelson Writes to Prevent Horse Slaughter". Nelson, Willie. Willie Nelson Urges Land O'Lakes, Challenge Dairy to Stop Using Milk Products that Come from Confined Calves. The Animal Legal Defense Fund. The Animal Legal Defense Fund. Nelson, Willie; Bud Shrake; Edwin Shrake (2000). Willie: An Autobiography. Nelson, Willie; Ritz, David (2015). It's A Long Story: My Life. Little, Brown and Company. Neu, Clayton. Brokeback Balladeer: Willie Nelson talks to TIME about his gay cowboy song. New York Post staff (October 8, 2014). "Willie Nelson's braids sold for $37G at auction". New York Post. Fox News. NORML staff (2009). "NORML Advisory Board". NPR staff (1996). "Willie Nelson, Live from the 'Fresh Air' Studios". NPR Music. National Public Radio. NPR staff. National Public Radio. NPR Staff. Willie Nelson: Road Rules and Deep Thoughts. O'Hare, Kevin. The Willie Nelson interview: Life, aging and making music. The Republican (Springfield, Mass.). O'Reilly, Bill. Why Americans Do Not Trust the Federal Government. FOX News Network, LLC.. Pareles, Jon. POP REVIEW; Marathon of Music To Celebrate Nelson, 70. The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Patoski, Joe Nick (2008). Willie Nelson: An Epic Life. Patoski, Joe Nick 2 (2008). "The Gospel According to Willie: The Resurrection of the Abbott Methodist Church". Patoski, Joe Nick. When It Comes to Marijuana, Willie's Punishment Seems to Vaporize. The New York Times. PBS staff (2011). "American Masters, lesson 19". PBS. Penguin Random House staff. People staff. Willie Nelson Cited for Drug Possession. Poe, Randy (2012). Stalking the Red Headed Stranger. Quay, Sara; Damico, Amy (2010). September 11 in Popular Culture: A Guide. PRNewswire staff. Willie Nelson's 70th Birthday Honored With 'The Essential Willie Nelson'. PR Newswire. PR Newswire Association LLC. PRNewswire staff. Outlaw Country Legends Willie Nelson & Merle Haggard Rockin' America's Charts with 1st Week's Sales of Django and Jimmie, their New Release on Legacy Recordings. PR Newswire. PR Newswire Association LLC. PRWeb staff (2010). "The Nobelity Project Honors Willie Nelson". PRWeb. Vocus PRW Holdings, LLC. Reid, Jan (2004). The Improbable Rise of Redneck Rock: New Edition. University of Texas Press. Reid, Jan; Sahm Shawn (2010). Texas Tornado: The Times and Music of Doug Sahm. University of Texas Press. Reuters staff. New Willie Nelson song condemns Iraq war. Reuters. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc.. RIAA staff (2010). "RIAA certification". Recording Industry Association of America. Recording Industry Association of America. RIAA staff 2 (2010). "RIAA certification". Recording Industry Association of America. Recording Industry Association of America. RIAA staff 3 (2010). "RIAA certification". Richmond, Clint (2000). Willie Nelson: Behind the Music. Riggs, Thomas (2007). Contemporary Theatre, Film, and television. Rolling Stone staff (2010). "100 Greatest Singers". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media, LLC. Rolling Stone staff (2011). "100 Greatest Guitarists". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media, LLC. Scobey, Lola (1982). Willie Nelson: Country Outlaw. Smith, Michael William. Mr. Record Man: Willie Nelson. Smith, Zachary Alden; Taylor, Katrina (2008). Renewable and alternative energy resources: a reference handbook. Selby, W. Gardner. Cox Enterprises. Sterling, Whitaker. Willie Nelson to Share Musings From the Road in New Memoir. Sugimoto, Minna. Star-studded concert raises $1.6 million for Japan earthquake, tsunami relief efforts. Sullivan, James. Willie Nelson, the 'Hippest Octogenarian,' Honored at Berklee. Swiatecki, Chad. Willie Nelson to Host New TV Show 'Inside Arlyn'. Texas Music Project staff (2011). "What TMP Has Accomplished". Texas Music Project. The Texas Music Project. Thomas, Dave (March 16, 2012). "40 Years Ago, Dripping Springs Reunion Helped Create Austin's Musical Identity". Thomson, Gayle (November 29, 2010). "Wille Nelson Creates 'Teapot Party' for Marijuana Legalization". Thomson, Graeme (2012). Willie Nelson: The Outlaw. Tichi, Cecilia (1998). Reading country music: steel guitars, opry stars, and honky-tonk bars. TMZ staff. Judge Crushes Plea Deal in Willie Nelson Pot Case. Tomlinson, Chris. Willie Nelson Statue Unveiled in Austin, Texas on 4/20. Huffington Post. Tomlinson, Chris (April 21, 2012). "Willie Nelson unveils statue of himself on 4/20". CBS Atlanta. Treolo, Melissa. Nelson shares Ag Hall honor with Farm Aid partners. Tribe, Ivan (2006). Country: a regional exploration. Vancouver Province staff. Willie Nelson's had a 'Crazy' career IN CONCERT - Willie Nelson and Family. Taste of Country. Townsquare Media, LLC. Wolff, Kurt; Duane, Orla (2000). Country Music: The Rough Guide. Ward, Mike. Cox Enterprises. Willie Nelson General Store staff (2010). "Willie Nelson's Guitar Trigger!". Willie's Place staff (2010). "Willie's Place". Willie's Place. Willie's Place. Yahoo! Movies staff. Yahoo! The Encyclopedia of Country Music, ed. Nelson, Susie (1987). Hear Worn Memories: a Daughter's Personal Biography of Willie Nelson. First ed. Eakin Press. The IRS Tapes: Who'll Buy My Memories? Teks tersedia di bawah Lisensi Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa Creative Commons; ketentuan tambahan mungkin berlaku. Lihat Ketentuan Penggunaan untuk rincian lebih lanjut.